Intergroup contact and attitudes in public libraries: A study with Moroccan and Spanish users in Barcelona and Almería
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/redc.2019.1.1581Keywords:
intergroup contact, attitudes, public libraries, IFLA, Spanish, Moroccan, Barcelona, AlmeríaAbstract
This study analyzes contact, intergroup attitudes and related psychosocial variables in users of Spanish public libraries with the objective of knowing if the application of the IFLA (International Federation of Library Associations) guidelines for multicultural communities by libraries encourages contact and improves intergroup attitudes. Spanish and Moroccan users from Barcelona libraries (that met IFLA Guidelines) and Almería libraries (that didn’t meet them) were selected. Spanish users (NBarcelona = 138 and NAlmería = 116) responded a survey about Moroccans and these (NBarcelona = 89 and NAlmería = 100) about Spanish. Intergroup attitudes and other variables were more positive in Barcelona users but intergroup contact was different between Spanish and Moroccan users.
Downloads
References
Aabø, S; Audunson, R.; Varheim, A. (2010). How do public libraries function as meeting places? Library and Information Science Research, 32 (1), 16-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lisr.2009.07.008
Allport, G.W. (1954). The Nature of Prejudice. Cambridge: Adisson-Wesley. PMid:13204492
Aneas, A.; Garreta; J.; Molina, F (2012). Ethnocultural conflict in Spain: Moroccans in Spain: So near, yet so far. A Long history of meeting. En Landis, D.; Albert, R. (eds.), Handbook of ethnic conflict: International perspectives, pp. 439-482. Berlin: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0448-4_17
Audunson, R. (2005). The public library as a meeting place in a multicultural and digital context: The necesity of low-intensive meeting places. Journal of Documentation, 61 (3), 429-441. https://doi.org/10.1108/00220410510598562
Bibliotecas de Barcelona (2011). Bibliotecas de Barcelona: 10 a-os +. Nuevos retos y nuevas oportunidades. Disponible en: http://www.bcn.cat/biblioteques/docs/ bib10anys_cas.pdf [Fecha de consulta: 11/04/2018].
Brown, R. J. (1995). Prejudice: Its Social Psychology. Oxford: Blackwell.
Carbajosa, A. (9 de marzo de 2016). El cortijo de los desposeídos. El País.com. Disponible en: http://politica.elpais.com/ politica/2016/03/08/actualidad/1457431108_328284. html [Fecha de consulta: 05/08/2018].
Cehajic, S.; Brown, R. J.; Castano, E. (2008). Forgive and forget: Antecedents and consequences of intergroup forgiveness in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Political Psychology, 29 (3), 351-367. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2008.00634.x
Cervantes, L.; Navas, M. (2013). Las bibliotecas públicas como instrumento para la integración social: un estudio de caso. Migraciones, 34, 177-203.
Cervantes, L.; Navas, M.; Cuadrado, I. (2015). Análisis de la prestación de servicios a inmigrantes en la red Bibliotecas de Barcelona. Revista Espa-ola de Documentación Científica, 38 (3), e098. https://doi.org/10.3989/redc.2015.3.1192
Davies, K.; Aron, A. (2016). Friendship development and intergroup attitudes: The role of interpersonal and intergroup friendship processes. Journal of Social Issues, 72 (3), 489-510. https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12178
Davies, K.; Tropp, L. R.; Aron, A.; Pettigrew, T. F.; Wright, S. C. (2011). Cross-group friendships and intergroup attitudes: A meta-analytic review. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 15 (4), 332-35. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868311411103 PMid:21844287
Davis, M. H. (1980). A multidimensional approach to individual differences in empathy. JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 10, 2-19. Disponible en: http://www.uv.es/~friasnav/Davis_1980.pdf [Fecha de consulta: 11/04/2018].
Dovidio, J. F.; Gaertner, S. L.; Kawakami, K. (2003). Intergroup contact: The past, present, and the future. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 6 (1), 5-21. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430203006001009
Dovidio, J. F.; Love, A.; Schellhaas, F. M. H; Hewstone, M. (2017). Reducing intergroup bias through intergroup contact: Twenty years of progress and future directions. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 20 (5), 606- 620. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430217712052
Eagly, A. H.; Diekman, A. B. (2005). What is the problem? Prejudice as attitude-in context. En Dovidio, J. F.; Glick, P.; Rudman, L. A. (eds.), On the nature of prejudice: Fifty years after Allport, pp. 19-35. Malden, MA: Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470773963.ch2
Hewstone, M.; Cairns, E.; Voci, A.; Hamberger, J.; Niens, U. (2006). Intergroup contact, forgiveness, and the experience of "the troubles" in Northern Ireland. Journal of Social Issues, 62 (1), 99-120. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.2006.00441.x
International Federation of Libraries Associations (2009a). Manifiesto IFLA por la biblioteca multicultural. La biblioteca multicultural: portal de acceso a una sociedad de culturas diversas en diálogo. The Hage: IFLA. Disponible en: http://archive.ifla.org/VII/s32/pub/MulticulturalLibraryManifesto-es.pdf [Fecha de consulta: 11/04/2018].
International Federation of Libraries Associations (2009b). Comunidades multiculturales: directrices para el servicio bibliotecario (3ª ed.). Disponible en: https://www. ifla.org/files/assets/library-services-to-multicultural-populations/publications/multicultural-communities-es.pdf [Fecha de consulta: 22/12/2018].
International Federation of Libraries Associations (2013). Directrius de l'IFLA per al servei de les biblioteques publiques (2ª ed.). Barcelona: Collegi Oficial de Bibliotecaris-Documentalistes de Catalunya. Disponible en: http://www.ifla.org/files/assets/hq/publications/ series/147-ca.pdf [Fecha de consulta: 11/04/2018].
Islam, M. R.; Hewstone, M. (1993). Dimensions of contact as predictors of intergroup anxiety, perceived outgroup variability and outgroup attitude: An integrative model. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 19 (6), 700– 710. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167293196005
Livert, D. (2016). A cook's tour abroad: Long-term effects of intergroup contact on positive outgroup attitudes. Journal of Social Issues, 72 (3), 524-547. https://doi. org/10.1111/josi.12180 https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12180
López-Rodríguez, L.; Cuadrado, I.; Navas, M. (2013). Aplicación extendida del Modelo del Contenido de los Estereotipos (MCE) hacia tres grupos de inmigrantes en Espa-a. Estudios de Psicología, 34 (2), 197-208. https://doi.org/10.1174/021093913806751375
Molero, F.; Cuadrado, I.; Navas, M. S. (2003). Las nuevas expresiones del prejuicio racial: Aspectos teóricos y empíricos. En Morales, J. F.; Huici, C. (dirs.), Estudios de Psicología Social, pp. 85-117. Madrid: UNED.
Navas, M. S.; Cuadrado, I.; López-Rodríguez, L. (2012). Escala de Percepción de Amenaza Exogrupal (EPAE): fiabilidad y evidencias de validez. Psicothema, 24 (3), 477-482.
Navas, M.; Molero, F.; Cuadrado, I. (2000). Evaluación de las formas manifiestas y sutiles del prejuicio: ambivalencia de emociones, rasgos y atribuciones. En Caballero, D.; Méndez, M. T.; Pastor, J. (eds.), La mirada psicosociológica. Grupos, procesos, lenguajes y culturas, pp. 626-633. Madrid: Biblioteca Nueva.
Navas, M.; Pumares, P.; Sánchez, J.; García, M. C.; Rojas, A. J.; Cuadrado, I.; Asensio, M.; Fernández, J. S. (2004). Estrategias y actitudes de aculturación: La perspectiva de los inmigrantes y de los autóctonos en Almería. Sevilla: Dirección General de Coordinación de Políticas Migratorias.
Navas, M. S.; Rojas, A. J. (Eds.) (2010). Aplicación del Modelo Ampliado de Aculturación Relativa (MAAR) a nuevos colectivos de inmigrantes en Andalucía: rumanos y ecuatorianos. Sevilla: Dirección General de Coordinación de Políticas Migratorias.
Pettigrew, T. F. (1998). Intergroup contact theory. Annual Review of Psychology, 49, 65-85. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.49.1.65 PMid:15012467
Pettigrew, T. F.; Tropp, L. R. (2006). A meta-analytic test of intergroup contact theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90 (5), 751-783. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.90.5.751 PMid:16737372
Pettigrew, T. F.; Tropp, L. R. (2008). How does intergroup contact reduce prejudice? Meta-analytic tests of three mediators. European Journal of Social Psychology, 38 (6), 922-934. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.504
Pettigrew, T. F.; Tropp, L. R. (2011). When groups meet: The dynamics of intergroup contact. New York: Psychology Press.
Plan de trabajo de inmigración 2012-2015 (2012). Barcelona: Ayuntamiento de Barcelona. Disponible en: http://www.bcn.cat/novaciutadania/pdf/pla_immigracio/pla_immigracio_es.pdf [Fecha de consulta: 11/04/2018].
Plan de trabajo del Consejo Municipal de Inmigración para el periodo 2016-2019 (2016). Barcelona: Ayuntamiento de Barcelona. Disponible en: http://www.bcn.cat/ novaciutadania/pdf/consell/PlaTreball1619_es.pdf [Fecha de consulta: 05/06/2018].
Proyecto Bibliotecas Interculturales en Andalucía (2009) [sitio web]. Disponible en: http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/cultura/ba/c/biblioMulticult/espanol/default.asp [Fecha de consulta: 11/04/2018].
Pumares, P.; Iborra, J. F. (2008). Población extranjera y política de inmigración en Andalucía. Política y sociedad, 45 (1), 41-60.
Rojas, A. J.; Navas, M.; Pérez, P. J.; Cuadrado, I.; Lozano, O. (2012). Test de Actitud Prejuiciosa (TAP): estudios de fiabilidad y evidencias de validez basadas en la estructura interna en autóctonos e inmigrantes. Anales de Psicología, 28 (3), 922-928. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.28.3.156161
Stephan, W. G. (2014). Intergroup anxiety: Theory, research, and practice. Personality and Social Psychology Review. 18 (3), 239 –255. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868314530518 PMid:24815215
Stephan, W. G.; Boniecki, K. A.; Ybarra, O.; Bettencourt, A.; Ervin, K. S.; Jackson, L. A.; McNatt, P. S. (2002). The role of threats in the racial attitudes of blacks and whites. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28 (9), 1242-1254. https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672022812009
Stephan, W. G.; Ybarra, O.; Rios Morrison, K. (2009). Intergroup threat theory. En Nelson, T. (ed.), Handbook of Prejudice, pp. 43-59. NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Stephan, W. G.; Stephan, C. W. (1985). Intergroup anxiety. Journal of Social Issues, 41 (3), 157-175. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1985.tb01134.x
Tausch, N. y Hewstone, M. (2010). Intergroup contact and prejudice. En Dovidio, J.F.; Hewstone, M.; Glick. P.; Esses, V. M. (eds.), The Sage handbook of prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination, pp. 544–560. Newburg Park, CA: Sage. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446200919.n33
Tezanos-Pinto, P. de; Mazziotta, A.; Feuchte, F. (2017). Intergroup contact and reconciliation among Liberian refugees: A multilevel analysis in a multiple groups setting. Peace and Conflict, 23 (3), 228-238. https://doi.org/10.1037/pac0000251
UNESCO (1994). Manifiesto de la UNESCO sobre la Biblioteca Pública. Disponible en: https://unesdoc.unesco. org/ark:/48223/pf0000112122_spa [Fecha de consulta: 22/12/2018].
Vincze, L.; Harwood, J. (2013). Improving intergroup attitudes via mediated intergroup contact in a bilingual setting. Multilingua, 32 (3), 405-421. https://doi.org/10.1515/multi-2013-0018
Visintin, E. P.; Voci, A.; Pagotto, L.; Hewstone, M. (2017). Direct, extended, and mass-mediated contact with immigrants in Italy: their associations with emotions, prejudice, and humanity perceptions. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 47 (4), 175–194. https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12423
Wang, Y.W.; Bleier, J.; Davidson, M.; Savoy, H.; Tan, J.; Yakushko, O. (2003). The scale of ethnocultural empathy. Development, validation, and reliability. Journal of Counselling Psychology, 50 (2), 221-234. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.50.2.221
Zagefka, H.; González, R.; Brown, R.; Lay, S.; Manzi, J.; Didier, N. (2017). To know you is to love you: Effects of intergroup contact and knowledge on intergroup anxiety and prejudice among indigenous Chileans. International Journal of Psychology, 52 (4), 308-315. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12229 PMid:26511584
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2019 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
© CSIC. Manuscripts published in both the printed and online versions of this Journal are the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and quoting this source is a requirement for any partial or full reproduction.All contents of this electronic edition, except where otherwise noted, are distributed under a “Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International” (CC BY 4.0) License. You may read here the basic information and the legal text of the license. The indication of the CC BY 4.0 License must be expressly stated in this way when necessary.
Self-archiving in repositories, personal webpages or similar, of any version other than the published by the Editor, is not allowed.