Scientific authorship in the areas of science and technology. International policies and editorial practices in Spanish scholarly journals

Abstract

Scientific authorship is tied to scientific recognition, merit, and personal ethics. There is evidence of inappropriate behaviours associated with several factors that call for a better regulation of the conditions in which authorship of a scientific work is assigned. This regulation falls within the competences of the associations of scientific publishers and the journals themselves. The aim of this paper is to analyse the situation of international policies and editorial practices of Spanish journals in the areas of Science and Technology. A transversal content analysis of the manuals of good practices in academic publishing and a sample of 37 Spanish prestigious journals was carried out, with special attention paid to the criteria for authorship, derived liabilities, the role of acknowledgements, number of authors, author ordering, and responsibilities of the corresponding author. The results give cause for concern: only 15% of the manuals and 8% of the journals manage to declare these criteria properly. We compare these results with those of other areas, such as Biomedicine, where similar studies have been carried out, and we discuss the impact of non-regulation on authors’ behaviour and scientific ethics, as well as the implications of co-authorship in scholarly evaluation procedures.